International Humanitarian Law

A branch of international law, often called the law of armed conflict or the law of war, that seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict for humanitarian reasons. Its main purpose is to protect people who are not participating in hostilities. These include noncombatants, medical workers, prisoners of war, and the wounded. International Humanitarian Law (IHL) also restricts the methods and means of warfare used by combatants during wars between states, and armed conflicts between states and non-state actors, including civil wars. The foundations of IHL are found in the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols, as well as earlier agreements like the Hague Conventions. These treaties establish rules concerning the treatment of prisoners, protection of hospitals, prohibition of torture, and obligations toward civilians in occupied territories. Israel is subject to the rules of IHL in both its occupation of Palestine and actions towards other states. Palestinian groups like Hamas are permitted to carry out armed resistance to occupation under IHL, but also must follow its rules. Organizations such as the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) promote and monitor compliance with IHL. United Nations organs, including the Security Council, General Assembly, and the International Court of Justice, can enforce IHL through sanctions and tribunals.